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- Government
-
- Long-form name: French Republic.
-
- Type: republic.
-
- Capital: Paris.
-
- Administrative divisions: metropolitan France--22 regions
- (regions, singular--region); Alsace, Aquitaine, Auvergne,
- Basse-Normandie, Bourgogne, Bretagne, Centre, Champagne-Ardenne,
- Corse, Franche-Comte, Haute-Normandie, Ile-de-France,
- Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Lorraine, Midi-Pyrenees,
- Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Pays de la Loire, Picardie, Poitou-Charentes,
- Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Rhone-Alpes; note--the 22 regions are
- subdivided into 96 departments; see separate entries for the
- overseas departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
- Reunion) and the territorial collectivities (Mayotte, St. Pierre
- and Miquelon).
-
- Dependent areas: Bassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa
- Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic
- Lands, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, New Caledonia,
- Tromelin Island, Wallis and Futuna.
-
- Independence: unified by Clovis in 486, First Republic proclaimed
- in 1792.
-
- Constitution: 28 September 1958, amended concerning election
- of president in 1962.
-
- Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts;
- review of administrative but not legislative acts.
-
- National holiday: Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789).
-
- Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of
- Ministers (cabinet).
-
- Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Parlement) consists
- of an upper house or Senate (Senat) and a lower house or
- National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale).
-
- Judicial branch: Court of Cassation (Cour de Cassation).
-
- Leaders:
-
- Chief of State--President Francois MITTERRAND
- (since 21 May 1981);
-
- Head of Government--Prime Minister Michel ROCARD
- (since 10 March 1988).
-
- Political parties and leaders: Rally for the Republic (RPR,
- formerly UDR), Jacques Chirac; Union for French Democracy
- (UDF, federation of PR, CDS, and RAD), Valery Giscard d'Estaing;
- Republicans (PR), Francois Leotard; Center for Social Democrats
- (CDS), Pierre Mehaignerie; Radical (RAD), Yves Gallard;
- Socialist Party (PS), Pierre Mauroy; Left Radical Movement
- (MRG), Yves Collin; Communist Party (PCF), Georges Marchais;
- National Front (FN), Jean-Marie Le Pen.
-
- Suffrage: universal at age 18.
-
- Elections:
-
- President--last held 8 May 1988 (next to be held May 1995);
- results--Second Ballot Francois Mitterrand 54%, Jacques Chirac 46%;
-
- Senate--last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held September
- 1992); results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(321
- total; 296 metropolitan France, 13 for overseas departments
- and territories, and 12 for French nationals abroad) RPR 93,
- UDF 143 (PR 53, CDS 65, RAD 25), PS 64, PCF 16, independents 2,
- unknown 3;
-
- National Assembly--last held 5 and 12 June 1988 (next to
- be held June 1993); results--Second Ballot PS-MRG 48.7%,
- RPR 23.1%, UDF 21%, PCF 3.4%, other 3.8%; seats--(577 total)
- PS 275, RPR 132, UDF 90, UDC 40, PCF 25, independents 15.
-
- Communists: 700,000 claimed but probably closer to 150,000;
- Communist voters, 2.8 million in 1988 election.
-
- Other political or pressure groups: Communist-controlled
- labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail) nearly 2.4
- million members (claimed); Socialist-leaning labor union
- (Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail or CFDT)
- about 800,000 members est.; independent labor union (Force
- Ouvriere) about 1,000,000 members est.; independent white-collar
- union (Confederation Generale des Cadres) 340,000 members
- (claimed); National Council of French Employers (Conseil
- National du Patronat Francais--CNPF or Patronat).
-
- Member of: ADB, CCC, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EIB, EMS,
- ESA, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES,
- ICO, IDA, IDB--Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD, IFC,
- IHO, ILO, ILZSG, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC, IPU,
- IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC--International Whaling Commission,
- NATO (signatory), OAS (observer), OECD, SPC, UN, UNESCO,
- UPU, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO.
-
- Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Jacques ANDREANI;
- Chancery at 4101 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC 20007;
- telephone (202) 944-6000; there are French Consulates General
- in Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, New Orleans,
- Miami, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico);
- US--Ambassador Walter J. P. CURLEY; Embassy at 2 Avenue
- Gabriel, 75382 Paris Cedex 08 (mailing address is APO New
- York 09777); telephone [33] (1) 42-96-12-02 or 42-61-80-75;
- there are US Consulates General in Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille,
- and Strasbourg.
-
- Flag: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white,
- and red; known as the French Tricouleur (Tricolor); the
- design and colors have been the basis for a number of other
- flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Ivory
- Coast, and Luxembourg; the official flag for all French
- dependent areas.
-